Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Shia W[original query] |
---|
Nicotine exposure in the U.S. population: Total urinary nicotine biomarkers in NHANES 20152016
Mazumder S , Shia W , Bendik PB , Achilihu H , Sosnoff CS , Alexander JR , Luo Z , Zhu W , Pine BN , Feng J , Blount BC , Wang L . Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 19 (6) We characterize nicotine exposure in the U.S. population by measuring urinary nicotine and its major (cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine) and minor (nicotine 1′-oxide, cotinine N-oxide, and 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol-4-carboxylic acid, nornicotine) metabolites in participants from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This is one of the first U.S. population-based urinary nicotine biomarker reports using the derived total nicotine equivalents (i.e., TNEs) to characterize exposure. Serum cotinine data is used to stratify tobacco non-users with no detectable serum cotinine (−sCOT), non-users with detectable serum cotinine (+sCOT), and individuals who use tobacco (users). The molar concentration sum of cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine was calculated to derive the TNE2 for non-users. Additionally, for users, the molar concentration sum of nicotine and TNE2 was calculated to derive the TNE3, and the molar concentration sum of the minor metabolites and TNE3 was calculated to derive the TNE7. Sample-weighted summary statistics are reported. We also generated multiple linear regression models to analyze the association between biomarker concentrations and tobacco use status, after adjusting for select demographic factors. We found TNE7 is positively correlated with TNE3 and TNE2 (r = 0.99 and 0.98, respectively), and TNE3 is positively correlated with TNE2 (r = 0.98). The mean TNE2 concentration was elevated for the +sCOT compared with the −sCOT group (0.0143 [0.0120, 0.0172] µmol/g creatinine and 0.00188 [0.00172, 0.00205] µmol/g creatinine, respectively), and highest among users (33.5 [29.6, 37.9] µmol/g creatinine). Non-daily tobacco use was associated with 50% lower TNE7 concentrations (p < 0.0001) compared with daily use. In this report, we show tobacco use frequency and passive exposure to nicotine are important sources of nicotine exposure. Furthermore, this report provides more information on non-users than a serum biomarker report, which underscores the value of urinary nicotine biomarkers in extending the range of trace-level exposures that can be characterized. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
Detection of human norovirus in intestinal biopsies from immunocompromised transplant patients
Karandikar UC , Crawford SE , Ajami NJ , Murakami K , Kou B , Ettayebi K , Papanicolaou GA , Jongwutiwes U , Perales MA , Shia J , Mercer D , Finegold MJ , Vinje J , Atmar RL , Estes MK . J Gen Virol 2016 97 (9) 2291-300 Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) can often cause chronic infections in solid organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Based on histopathological changes observed during HuNoV infections, the intestine is the presumed site of virus replication in patients; however, the cell types infected by HuNoVs remain unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize histopathological changes during HuNoV infection and to determine the cell types that may be permissive for HuNoV replication in transplant patients. We analysed biopsies from HuNoV-infected and non-infected (control) transplant patients to assess histopathological changes in conjunction with detection of HuNoV antigens to identify the infected cell types. HuNoV infection in immunocompromised patients was associated with histopathological changes such as disorganization and flattening of the intestinal epithelium. The HuNoV major capsid protein, VP1, was detected in all segments of the small intestine, in areas of biopsies that showed histopathological changes. Specifically, VP1 was detected in enterocytes, macrophages, T cells and dendritic cells. HuNoV replication was investigated by detecting the non-structural proteins, RdRp and VPg. We detected RdRp and VPg along with VP1 in duodenal and jejunal enterocytes. These results provide critical insights into histological changes due to HuNoV infection in immunocompromised patients and propose human enterocytes as a physiologically relevant cell type for HuNoV cultivation. |
Life-threatening pneumonia caused by macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Hsieh YC , Tsao KC , Huang CG , Tong S , Winchell JM , Huang YC , Shia SH , Lai SH , Lin TY . Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011 31 (2) 208-9 Two siblings had pneumonia caused by macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae as determined by polymerase chain reaction and serology. One of them developed adult respiratory distress syndrome and required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. This report highlights the need for studies to evaluate the optimal treatment in severe cases of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae pneumonia. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 06, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure